The Porsche 991 is the internal designation for the seventh generation Porsche 911 which was unveiled at the
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| Porsche 991 | |
|---|---|
| Porsche | |
| aka | Porsche 911 |
| Production | 2011- present |
| Class | Sports car |
| Body Style | 2- door coupe
2- door targa 2- door convertible |
| Length | 4,491 mm (176.8 in) (Carrera), 4,506 mm (177.4 in) (Turbo), 4,545 mm (178.9 in) (GT3) |
| Width | 1,808 mm (71.2 in) (Carrera), 1,880 mm (74.0 in) (Turbo), 1,852 mm (72.9 in) (GT3) |
| Height | 1,303 mm (51.3 in) (Carrera), 1,296 mm (51.0 in) (Turbo), 1,269 mm (50.0 in) (GT3) |
| Wheelbase | 2,450 mm (96.5 in), 2,457 mm (96.7 in) (GT3) |
| Weight | 1,380 kg (3,040 lb) (Carrera), 1,605 kg (3,538 lb) (Turbo), 1,430 kg (3,150 lb) (GT3) |
| Transmission | 7 speed manual
7 speed PDK |
| Engine | 3.0 L H6
3.4 L H6 3.8 L H6 4.0 L H6 |
| Power | 991: 390 N·m (288 lb·ft) @ 5,600 rpm
991.2: 450 N·m (332 lb·ft) @ 1,700 - 5,000 rpm |
| Similar | Ruf RGT |
| Designer | Michael Mauer |
2011 Frankfurt Motor Show on 15 September as the replacement for the 997. The 991 is an entirely new platform, only the third since the original 911 launched in 1963 (the 996 of 1999 was the second new platform). The design has taken an evolutionary step, in keeping with the previous generation 997 and 996. The designer of the 991 is Porsche's Chief Designer Michael Mauer.
Compared to the outgoing 997, the 991 is slightly larger, with the wheelbase increased by 100 mm (3.9 in) to 2,450 millimetres (96.5 in), and the overall length up by 70 mm (2.8 in) to 4,490 millimetres (176.8 in). A new transaxle was developed so that the rear wheels could be moved 76 millimetres (3 in) backward in relation to the position of the engine, which significantly improves the weight distribution and cornering performance of the new 911.
Due to the use of high-strength steels, aluminium and some composites the weight has been reduced to 1,380 kg (3,040 lb) for the manual Carrera, rising to 1,605 kg (3,538 lb) for the four wheel drive Turbo model with PDK (Porsche Doppelkupplung). PDK is available as an option for all 911 Carrera models as 7-speed transmission, featuring manual and automatic modes. Gears 1 to 6 have a sports ratio and top speed is reached in 6th gear. 7th gear has a long ratio and helps to reduce fuel consumption by keeping engine revs low. PDK is essentially two gearboxes in one and thus requires two clutches. For all 991 models PDK is produced by ZF Friedrichshafen.
The auto start/stop function is standard in the 911 Carrera models.
First generation
Design
Typically for Porsche Carrera, 991 is an evolutionary design step. Two basic principles were strictly respected: the roof line tapers down into the rear and the front wings are higher than the lid.
911 Carrera
Base model, introduced in 2011. Car is equipped with a 3.4 litre boxer engine with direct fuel injection. The engine develops 257 kW (350 hp) at 7,400 rpm and the maximum torque is 390 Nm at 5,600 rpm. For the 911 Carrera with 7-speed manual gearbox, this means acceleration from 0 to 100 km/h in 4.8 seconds and a top speed of 289 km/h.
911 Carrera S
Introduced with 911 Carrera, in 2011, and equipped with more powerful 3.8 litre engine developing 294 kW (400 hp).
911 Carrera GTS
Introduced in 2015, the 991 Carrera GTS sits between the Carrera S and GT3. Base options included with purchase: 430hp PowerKit, Sport Chrono Package, Sport Exhaust System, Dynamic Engine Mounts, 10mm lowered suspension, Porsche Torque Vectoring (PTM) system, LED daytime running lights with Porsche Dynamic Lighting System (PDLS), Sport Design Front Spoiler, Sport Design Rear Mirrors, GTS badging, and 20" Centerlock wheels. When optioned with PDK, 0-60 mph is achieved consistently at 3.8 seconds with the help of Launch Control.
911 Cabriolet
In February 2012, the convertible model of the 991 was announced. Initially available in Carrera Cabriolet and Carrera S Cabriolet models, a Turbo version was added to the range at the 2013 Frankfurt Motor Show.
911 GT3
With the introduction in 2012 of the latest GT3 modelcame the announcement of active rear steering. It is claimed by Porsche to provide higher lateral dynamics than previously available. Car speed inputs determine whether the rears steer in the same or opposite direction of the front wheels. It is the first GT3 offered only with automatic transmission.
At the start of 2014, deliveries of the GT3 were halted following two fires. A subsequent recall to replace the engines of all 785 cars was announced in March 2014 before manufacturing of the GT3 would restart.
911 GT3 RS
Porsche launched the RS version of the 991 GT3 at the Geneva Motor Show in 2015. ompared to the 991 GT3, the front fenders are now equipped with louvers above the wheels and the rear fenders now include Turbo-like intakes, rather than an intake below the rear wing. The roof is made from magnesium. The interior includes full bucket seats (based on the carbon seats of the 918 Spyder), carbon-fibre inserts, lightweight door handles and the Club Sport Package as standard (a bolted-on roll cage behind the front seats, preparation for a battery master switch, and a six-point safety harness for the driver and fire extinguisher with mounting bracket).
The 3.8-litre unit found in the 991 GT3 is replaced with a 4.0-litre unit with 500 horsepower and 339 pound-feet of torque. The transmission is PDK only. The drivetrain delivers 0-62 mph (0-100kmh) in 3.3 seconds (0.6 seconds quicker than the 997 GT3 RS 4.0) and 0-124 mph (0-200kmh) in 10.9 seconds. The 991 GT3 RS also comes with functions such as declutching by "paddle neutral" — comparable to pressing the clutch with a conventional manual gearbox –- and Pit Speed limiter button. As with the 991 GT3, there is rear-axle steering and Porsche Torque Vectoring Plus with fully variable rear axle differential lock.
911 Targa
In January 2014, Porsche introduced the Targa 4 and Targa 4S models. These new derivatives come equipped with an all-new roof technology with the original targa design, now with an all electric cabriolet roof along with the B-pillar and the glass 'dome' at the rear.
On January 12, 2015, Porsche announced the 911 Targa GTS at the North American International Auto Show in Detroit. Similar in appearance to the existing Targa 4 and 4S models, the GTS added a more powerful engine plus several otherwise optional features.
911 Turbo and Turbo S
The 991 Turbo has a twin-turbocharged 3.8 litre engine generating 520 PS (382 kW; 513 bhp) and 620 N·m (457 lb·ft) of torque. The S version has 560 PS (412 kW; 552 bhp) and 700 N·m (516 lb·ft) of torque, but the torque is pushed to 750 N·m (553 lb·ft) with overboost. Both vehicles have all-wheel drive and a seven-speed dual clutch sequential transmission. The Turbo S can reach 0 – 100 km/h in 3.1 seconds as claimed by Porsche but has achieved 2.6 seconds by many car magazine tests. New technologies featuring adaptive aerodynamics and rear wheel steer are new on these cars.
Porsche 911 gt3 3.8 at the 2013 Geneva Motor Show
Engines
All 911s are powered by either a 3.4 or a 3.8-litre flat-six engine with direct injection. Compared to the previous Carrera S the power is increased to 400 PS (294 kW; 395 hp). A Powerkit option is available for the Carrera S, increasing power to 430 PS. The standard Carrera engine is a 3.4-litre, producing 350 PS (257 kW; 345 hp). The car features stop/start system, a coasting function and also electro-mechanical power steering to aid efficiency.
New for a 911 model are electronic parking brakes and 20 inch diameter wheels. The car has a new seven-speed manual gearbox, a first for a production car, along with an improved seven-speed Porsche Doppelkupplung (PDK) dual clutch transmission.
| Model | Engine cc | Power | Torque |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carrera | 3,436 cc (210 cu in) | 350 PS (257 kW; 345 bhp) @ 7,400 rpm | 390 N·m (288 lb·ft) @ 5,600 rpm |
| Carrera S | 3,800 cc (232 cu in) | 400 PS (294 kW; 395 bhp) @ 7,400 rpm | 440 N·m (325 lb·ft) @ 5,600 rpm |
| Carrera GTS/S Powerkit | 3,800 cc (232 cu in) | 430 PS (316 kW; 424 bhp) @ 7,400 rpm | 440 N·m (325 lb·ft) @ 5,600 rpm |
| GT3 | 3,799 cc (232 cu in) | 475 PS (349 kW; 469 bhp) @ 8,250 rpm | 440 N·m (325 lb·ft) @ 6,250 rpm |
| GT3 RS | 4,000 cc (244 cu in) | 500 PS (368 kW; 493 bhp) @ 8,250rpm | 460 N·m (339 lb·ft) @ 6,250 rpm |
| Turbo | 3,800 cc (232 cu in) | 520 PS (382 kW; 513 bhp) @ 6,000 rpm | 660 N·m (487 lb·ft) @ 1,950 rpm (710 N·m (524 lb·ft) overboost) |
| Turbo S | 3,800 cc (232 cu in) | 560 PS (412 kW; 552 bhp) @ 6,500 rpm | 700 N·m (516 lb·ft) @ 2,100 rpm (750 N·m (553 lb·ft) overboost) |
Performance
| Model | Transmission | Engine | Top speed | Acceleration 0-100 | Emissions CO2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carrera | 7-speed man | 3.4 | 289 km/h (180 mph) | 4.8 | 211 g/km |
| Carrera | 7-speed PDK | 3.4 | 287 km/h (178 mph) | 4.6 | 191 g/km |
| Carrera (sc) | 7-speed PDK | 3.4 | 287 km/h (178 mph) | 4.4 | 191 g/km |
| Carrera S | 7-speed man | 3.8 | 304 km/h (189 mph) | 4.5 | 223 g/km |
| Carrera S | 7-speed PDK | 3.8 | 302 km/h (188 mph) | 4.3 | 202 g/km |
| Carrera S (sc) | 7-speed PDK | 3.8 | 302 km/h (188 mph) | 4.1 | 202 g/km |
| Carrera S (sc/pk) | 7-speed PDK | 3.8 | 308 km/h (191 mph) | 4.0 | 205 g/km |
| GT3 | 7-speed PDK | 3.8 | 315 km/h (196 mph) | 3.5 | 289 g/km |
| GT3 RS | 7-speed PDK | 4.0 | 315 km/h (196 mph) | 3.3 | 296 g/km |
| Turbo | 7-speed PDK | 3.8 | 315 km/h (196 mph) | 3.4 | 227 g/km |
| Turbo (sc) | 7-speed PDK | 3.8 | 315 km/h (196 mph) | 3.2 | 227 g/km |
| Turbo S | 7-speed PDK | 3.8 | 318 km/h (198 mph) | 3.1 | 227 g/km |
(SC) = Sport Chrono (PK) = Powerkit
.jpg "2012 NAIAS Red Porsche 991 convertible (world premiere).jpg (20 KB)")
-1.jpg "911-Carrera-S-Cabriolet-(991)-1.jpg (75 KB)")
Second phase (2017-Present) (991.2)
Following an introduction at the 2015 Frankfurt Motor Show, the 991 was revised for the 2017 Model year. The updated Porsche 911 (referred to as 991.2 internally at Porsche) introduced new styling and options, along with all new, smaller 3.0-litre twin-turbocharged flat-six engines across the range.
This was the first time standard Carrera models had adopted turbocharged engines rather than naturally aspirated ones, which was initially criticised for lacking engine noise that previous non-turbo variations had. This criticism quickly dissipated as it became apparent the 991.2 offered a substantial step up in performance and feel over the preceding model.
Initially available models include coupé and cabriolet versions of Carrera and Carrera S, with Carrera 4, Carrera 4S, Targa 4 and Targa 4S coming a few weeks later. In December 2015, Turbo and Turbo S versions were launched.
In January 2017 five new GTS versions were launched. At the March 2017 Geneva Motor Show, the facelifted GT3 was revealed, sporting a larger 4.0-litre flat-six engine, aerodynamic upgrades, a revised look and an optional 6-speed manual gearbox, something which was absent on the 991.1-phase GT3.
In June 2017 the Turbo S Exclusive Series with powerkit and CFRP body panels was launched, limited to 500 units. Braided carbon-fibre wheels are available as option. Also in June a new GT2 RS, available with optional Weissach package, was revealed at Goodwood Festival of Speed. It has a claimed weight of 1470 kg, giving the car a power to weight ratio of 2.1 kg (4.63 lb) per horsepower.
At the 2017 International Motor Show (Internationale Automobil-Ausstellung IAA) Porsche announced the 911 GT3 with Touring Package, a 911 GT3 available exclusively with manual transmission and without fixed rear wing.
In October 2017 Porsche announced the 911 Carrera T (Touring), offering the base Carrera drivetrain but with shorter rear axle ratio, mechanical differential lock, PASM Sport lowered suspension, Sport Chrono package and sports exhaust as standard. It includes reduced sound insulation, light-weight glass side/rear windows, Sport-Tex seats, a shortened shift lever, removed rear seats and communication system (with no-cost option to add them back), Carrera S wheels, as well as optional rear-wheel steering, PDK and bucket seats.
Engines
| Model | Engine cc | Power | Torque | Carrera | 2,981 cc (182 cu in) | 370 PS (272 kW; 365 bhp) @ 6,500 rpm | 450 N⋅m (332 lb⋅ft) @ 1,700 – 5,000 rpm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carrera S | 2,981 cc (182 cu in) | 420 PS (309 kW; 414 bhp) @ 6,500 rpm | 500 N⋅m (369 lb⋅ft) @ 1,700 – 5,000 rpm | ||||
| GTS | 2,981 cc (182 cu in) | 450 PS (331 kW; 444 bhp) @ 6,500 rpm | 550 N⋅m (406 lb⋅ft) @ 2,150 – 5,000 rpm | ||||
| GT3 | 3,996 cc (244 cu in) | 500 PS (368 kW; 493 bhp) @ 8,250 rpm | 460 N⋅m (339 lb⋅ft) @ 6,000 rpm | ||||
| Turbo | 3,800 cc (232 cu in) | 540 PS (397 kW; 533 bhp) @ 6,400 rpm | 660 N⋅m (487 lb⋅ft) @ 1,950 – 5,000 rpm (710 N⋅m (524 lb⋅ft) overboost) | ||||
| Turbo S | 3,800 cc (232 cu in) | 580 PS (427 kW; 572 bhp) @ 6,750 rpm | 700 N⋅m (516 lb⋅ft) @ 2,100 – 4,250 rpm (750 N⋅m (553 lb⋅ft) overboost) | ||||
| Turbo S Exclusive Series | 3,800 cc (232 cu in) | 607 PS (446 kW; 599 bhp) @ 6,750 rpm | 750 N⋅m (553 lb⋅ft) @ 2,250 – 4,000 rpm | ||||
| GT2 RS | 3,800 cc (232 cu in) | 700 PS (515 kW; 690 bhp) @ 7,000 rpm | 750 N⋅m (553 lb⋅ft) @ 2,500 – 4,500 rpm |
Performance
| Model | Transmission | Engine | Top speed | Acceleration (0–100 km/h) | Emissions CO2 | Carrera | 7-speed manual | 3.0L TT | 295 km/h (183 mph) | 4.6 sec | 190 g/km |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carrera | 7-speed PDK | 3.0L TT | 293 km/h (182 mph) | 4.4 sec | 169 g/km | ||||||
| Carrera Cabriolet | 7-speed manual | 3.0L TT | 292 km/h (181 mph) | 4.8 sec | 195 g/km | ||||||
| Carrera Cabriolet | 7-speed PDK | 3.0L TT | 290 km/h (180 mph) | 4.6 sec | 172 g/km | ||||||
| Carrera T | 7-speed manual | 3.0L TT | 293 km/h (182 mph) | 4.5 sec | 215 g/km | ||||||
| Carrera T | 7-speed PDK | 3.0L TT | 291 km/h (181 mph) | 4.2 sec | 193 g/km | ||||||
| Carrera S | 7-speed manual | 3.0L TT | 308 km/h (191 mph) | 4.3 sec | 199 g/km | ||||||
| Carrera S | 7-speed PDK | 3.0L TT | 306 km/h (190 mph) | 4.1 sec | 174 g/km | ||||||
| Carrera S Cabriolet | 7-speed manual | 3.0L TT | 306 km/h (190 mph) | 4.5 sec | 202 g/km | ||||||
| Carrera S Cabriolet | 7-speed PDK | 3.0L TT | 304 km/h (189 mph) | 4.3 sec | 178 g/km | ||||||
| Carrera 4 | 7-speed manual | 3.0L TT | 292 km/h (181 mph) | 4.5 sec | 201 g/km | ||||||
| Carrera 4 | 7-speed PDK | 3.0L TT | 290 km/h (180 mph) | 4.3 sec | 177 g/km | ||||||
| Carrera 4 Cabriolet | 7-speed manual | 3.0L TT | 289 km/h (180 mph) | 4.7 sec | 206 g/km | ||||||
| Carrera 4 Cabriolet | 7-speed PDK | 3.0L TT | 287 km/h (178 mph) | 4.5 sec | 182 g/km | ||||||
| Carrera 4S | 7-speed manual | 3.0L TT | 305 km/h (190 mph) | 4.2 sec | 204 g/km | ||||||
| Carrera 4S | 7-speed PDK | 3.0L TT | 303 km/h (188 mph) | 4.0 sec | 180 g/km | ||||||
| Carrera 4S Cabriolet | 7-speed manual | 3.0L TT | 303 km/h (188 mph) | 4.4 sec | 208 g/km | ||||||
| Carrera 4S Cabriolet | 7-speed PDK | 3.0L TT | 301 km/h (187 mph) | 4.2 sec | 184 g/km | ||||||
| Carrera GTS | 7-speed manual | 3.0L TT | 312 km/h (194 mph) | 4.1 sec | 212 g/km | ||||||
| Carrera GTS | 7-speed PDK | 3.0L TT | 310 km/h (193 mph) | 3.7 sec | 188 g/km | ||||||
| Carrera GTS Cabriolet | 7-speed manual | 3.0L TT | 310 km/h (193 mph) | 4.1 sec | 214 g/km | ||||||
| Carrera GTS Cabriolet | 7-speed PDK | 3.0L TT | 308 km/h (191 mph) | 3.7 sec | 190 g/km | ||||||
| Carrera 4 GTS | 7-speed manual | 3.0L TT | 310 km/h (193 mph) | 4.0 sec | 216 g/km | ||||||
| Carrera 4 GTS | 7-speed PDK | 3.0L TT | 310 km/h (193 mph) | 3.6 sec | 192 g/km | ||||||
| Carrera 4 GTS Cabriolet | 7-speed manual | 3.0L TT | 308 km/h (191 mph) | 4.1 sec | 220 g/km | ||||||
| Carrera 4 GTS Cabriolet | 7-speed PDK | 3.0L TT | 306 km/h (190 mph) | 3.7 sec | 196 g/km | ||||||
| Targa 4 | 7-speed manual | 3.0L TT | 289 km/h (180 mph) | 4.7 sec | 206 g/km | ||||||
| Targa 4 | 7-speed PDK | 3.0L TT | 287 km/h (178 mph) | 4.5 sec | 182 g/km | ||||||
| Targa 4S | 7-speed manual | 3.0L TT | 303 km/h (188 mph) | 4.4 sec | 208 g/km | ||||||
| Targa 4S | 7-speed PDK | 3.0L TT | 301 km/h (187 mph) | 4.2 sec | 184 g/km | ||||||
| Targa 4 GTS | 7-speed manual | 3.0L TT | 308 km/h (191 mph) | 4.1 sec | 220 g/km | ||||||
| Targa 4 GTS | 7-speed PDK | 3.0L TT | 306 km/h (190 mph) | 3.7 sec | 196 g/km | ||||||
| GT3 with Touring Package | 6-speed manual | 4.0L | 316 km/h (196 mph) | 3.9 sec | 303 g/km | ||||||
| GT3 | 6-speed manual | 4.0L | 320 km/h (199 mph) | 3.9 sec | 290 g/km | ||||||
| GT3 | 7-speed PDK | 4.0L | 318 km/h (198 mph) | 3.4 sec | 288 g/km | ||||||
| Turbo | 7-speed PDK | 3.8L TT | 320 km/h (199 mph) | 3.0 sec | 212 g/km | ||||||
| Turbo S | 7-speed PDK | 3.8L TT | 330 km/h (205 mph) | 2.9 sec | 212 g/km | ||||||
| Turbo S Exclusive Series | 7-speed PDK | 3.8L TT | 330 km/h (205 mph) | 2.9 sec | 212 g/km | ||||||
| GT2 RS | 7-speed PDK | 3.8L TT | 340 km/h (211 mph) | 2.8 sec | 269 g/km |
Awards
The Porsche 991 was titled World Performance Car 2012 shortly after famed Porsche designer Ferdinand Alexander Porsche died. The GT3 was awarded the title of World Performance Car Of The Year in 2014.
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This page uses some content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Porsche 991. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Autopedia, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU Free Documentation License. |